First European to reach the West Indies, leading to lasting contact between Europe and the Americas. Led four Spanish-sponsored round-trip voyages between Spain and the Americas (1492-1504). Mosaic of Jesus Christ from the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, from the late 13th Century.ĬHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451-1506) Republic of Genoa (now Italy). His story is told in The New Testament (Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John). Crucified by the Roman Empire. 30 CE) Roman Empire ( Judea) now Israel/Palestine). 1932) The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) The Communist Manifesto (1848) (with Friedrich Engels) A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1959) Capital (Das Kapital) (3 vols., 1867-1883).Ī photograph of Karl Marx, taken about 1875, which is now at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. Works include: The Holy Family (1844) (with Friedrich Engels) The German Ideology (1846, pub. Elected to General Council of the International Workingmen’s Association (1864). Correspondent, New-York Daily Tribune (1852-1862). Publisher and editor, Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-1849). Known for: materialism surplus value class struggle labor theory of value alienation and exploitation of labor and the materialist conception of history. Political philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist and social revolutionary. KARL MARX (1818-1883) Kingdom of Prussia (now Germany)/ France/ Belgium/UK: England. Other works include: The Voyage of the Beagle (1839) The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842) Fertilisation of Orchids (1862) The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868) The Descent of Man (1871) The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) The Power of Movement in Plants (1880) and The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881).Ī photograph of Charles Darwin by Henry Maull and John Fox, probably taken in 1854. Elected Fellow of the Royal Society (1839). Appointed Secretary, Royal Geological Society (1838). Served as naturalist for HMS Beagle on five-year voyage (1831-1836). Also studied: human evolution sexual selection barnacles the formation of atolls phototropism in plants and the role of earthworms in soil formation. Proposed that all living things have a single common ancestor. His book On the Origin of Species (1859) set out with abundant evidence the mechanism of evolution. Developed theory of evolution by means of natural selection. It is on display at Farleigh House, Somerset, UK.ĬHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) UK: England. This portrait of Sir Isaac Newton was painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1689, when Newton was 46. Writings include: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687) Opticks (1704) and Arithmetica Universalis (1707).
President of the Royal Society (1703-1727). Introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. Proposed that Earth was an oblate spheroid. Invented the first practical reflecting telescope. Developed a theory of color based on the light spectrum.
#Gaius julius caesar bundestag series#
Generalized the binomial series and developed a method for approximating the roots of a function. Demonstrated how these laws explained both the motion of planets and comets and objects on Earth. Formulated universal laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Laid the foundation of classical mechanics, which formed the basis of physical science until Einstein. ISAAC NEWTON (1643-1727) England (now UK: England). Physicist, mathematician and inventor. The Story of My Experiments with Truth (1925-1928). Advocate of non-violent civil disobedience (ahisma). Nobel Prize in Physics (1921).Īlbert Einstein in Vienna in 1921. Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1916). Einstein field equations. Bose–Einstein statistics. Bose–Einstein condensate. Gravitational wave. Cosmological constant. Unified field theory. EPR paradox. The special and general theories of relativity. Each entry includes: (1) name (2) birth and death dates (3) country and (4) a brief description of the person and their accomplishments.ĪLBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955) Germany/US. People on the same number of lists are organized chronologically by date of birth. The results are below – every person on at least three of the original source lists, organized by rank (i.e., with the people on the most lists at the top). I collected over 24 lists of “Most Important People”, “Most Important Historical Figures”, Most Influential People” or “People Who Changed the World” from the Internet and books and combined them into one meta-list.
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