Many supporters of Puerto Rican independence and others who simply called for liberal reforms While illiteracy wasĨ3.7 percent, the intellectual minority remained relatively active within the limitations imposed by The majority of Puerto Ricans lived in extreme poverty andĪgriculture-the main source of income-was limited by lack of roads, rudimentary tools andĮquipment, and natural disasters-such as hurricanes and periods of drought. Heterogeneity, a sense of national culture had been established, as represented in music, the arts,Ĭolloquial language, and architecture. "leyes especiales" extraordinary decrees dictated by the Captain Generals, orīy 1867, Puerto Rico had 656,328 inhabitants its population recorded as 346,437 whites andģ09,891 "of color" (this category included blacks, mulattos and mestizos). Non-existent, and group discussions were monitored by the government. Spanish strategies to regain control of the American continent.ĭuring the early 1860s, local Spanish authorities, alarmed by conspiracies from separatist groups,Īpplied severe measures against all acts of dissidence on the island. Remained the last two Spanish colonies in the New World and served as the final outposts in Throughout most of the nineteenth century, Puerto Rico and Cuba,
Stepping stone in the passage from Europe to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and the northern The smallest of the GreaterĪntilles, Puerto Rico was a major military post during many wars between Spain and the otherĮuropean powers for control of the region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a The early years of conquest and colonization of the New World. Located at the north east of the Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico was key to the Spanish Empire since Imbalance culminated in the formal transfer of the island to the United States in 1898 at the end of
States at the end of the nineteenth century, however, placed Puerto Rico, along with Cuba, at center stage in the Caribbean. Political and military strategies of a decaying Spain and the emerging regional power of the United Parties, the abolition of slavery, and a short-lived experiment in autonomy under Spanish rule. Pro-independence rebellion, colonial reform, the establishment of the first national political The last quarter of the nineteenth century, nevertheless, brought dramatic political, social, andĮconomic changes to the island, setting the stage for the development of its national institutionsĪnd the transformation of its political system as a United States territory during the twentiethĪfter four centuries of Spanish colonial rule, the period between 18 witnessed a Internal and geopolitical dynamics during Of all Spanish colonial possessions in the Americas, Puerto Rico is the only territory that never gained its independence. 1898 HOME > Puerto Rico > The Changing of the Guard: Puerto Rico in 1898 The Changing of the Guard: Puerto Rico in 1898 Marisabel Brás, Ph.D.
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